Destructive disorders can develop in any section of the spine, but the high load in the lower back due to the simple places of a person determines the appearance of changes in this segment.Osteochondrosis is accompanied by pain in the lower back.Only a doctor can properly determine the symptoms and the treatment of the pathology.In therapy, drugs and physical exercises are used, in advanced stages, surgery may be necessary.In addition to the main treatment, the use of folk remedies is authorized.
What is osteochondrosis
With osteochondrosis, a pathological change begins - with a pulpic nucleus of intervertebral discs with a progressive transition to the fabric of a fibrous ring.It is weakening, cannot resist an increasing charge, as a result of which begins a partial movement, then complete of the disc in its physiological position.This happens when fiber fibers do not resist the increase in pressure and rupture.
As the structure of the disk destroys, the destruction of nearby tissues is progressing.The involvement of the nearest vertebrae, their joints and their ligaments begin in the pathological process.Any vertebra has a spongy substance from the interior and an external compact bone contour composed of recordings.The outer layer offers hardness and allows you to withstand heavy loads.The vertebra also has a red bone marrow responsible for hematopoiesis.
For a long time, with osteochondrosis, complex vascular and biochemical changes occur.The bone tissue is constantly changing: some cells are destroyed, the news comes in their place.Normally, with a constant load, the formation of more sustainable and solid cells is stimulated.Therefore, with excessive overloads, the predominance of dense fabric is formed.
The causes of pathology
The characteristics of modern life and a sharp decrease in human motor activity lead to a weakening of muscle fibers and a decrease in their tone.In an average person, the back during the day is mainly a folded position, which leads to an escalation of the flexion muscles.This factor is considered the main thing to cause degenerative changes.
There are several theories of the origin of osteochondrosis:
- Involution.The etiology of the disease is the wear and tear of the discs.This is particularly facilitated by a sedentary lifestyle and the presence of bad habits.
- Muscle.The violations of the structure of the spine are due to the underdevelopment or the weakening of the constant muscle muscle corset or muscle cramps, as well as inflammatory processes in them and the ligament apparatus.It is believed that the wrongly incorrect muscular movement stereotype leads to degeneration.It contributes to the constant excessive overload of the involution of cartilage and other structures of the spine.
- Autoimmune.The process of destroying vertebrae and intervertebral discs develops according to the same scheme as rheumatoid arthritis.Such a hypothesis is considered to be close to the truth, because biochemical disorders of colleagenosis are very similar to changes in discs of discs, leading to a deterioration of tissues and dystrophy.
The influence of the pathology of internal organs, as well as the presence of constant microtraumas in the development of osteochondrosis, have also been proven.
There is a theory on a hereditary predisposition of a person to this disease;Some doctors say that violations are sometimes caused by a change in metabolic processes and deviation in internal secretion work.
In many patients with pronounced disorders, chronic infection households are determined.
As part of a slow progression, it is read that osteochondrosis develops under the influence of several etiological moments at the same time.
Development mechanism
All the symptoms that are characteristic of a dystrophic disorder in the lumbar region can be divided into two large groups: internal (vertebral) and extravertebrid.
The latter are divided as a reflex and compression.Depending on the severity of the lesion and the presence of complications, four stages of the disease are distinguished:
- The fibrous ring under the influence of excessive loads and other factors begins to change the structure: cracks are formed.The substance of the nucleus of the jacket penetrates them.The reflex reactions occur following the irritation of the fibers of the nerve innervating the periosteum, ligament devices, fibrous ring.Its irritation occurs following pressure when a hernia is formed, local edema or inflammation.Such a violation leads to the appearance of vasomotor or dystrophic changes.Consequently, a person experiences intense, permanent or shooting pain.Reflex disorders of chronic osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment lead to the development of lumbago and low back pain.And myofascial pain leads to limiting movements.Radiculopathy acts as a compression syndrome, which most often accompanies damage to the Lombo-Sacré segment.
- The progression of pathology leads to an increase in prolapse of the intervertebral disc with its penetration into the epidural region.The vertebrae gather and exert a different pressure on the nerve roots.It can be expressed in constant irritation or severe compression.These events mark the second step with the development of a disggestal radiculitis.Most often, such a phenomenon is observed from the fourth lumbar to the first sacred vertebra.
- This step is characterized by a continuation of the pressure of the hernia on the nervous and vascular beam.This ends with the appearance of paresis or paralysis in the extensor muscle of the foot.At the same time, pain syndrome decreases or disappears.
- With the last degree, the blood supply and the innervation of the spinal cord are disturbed from the appearance of a disirculatory myelopathy.The changes become stable and are badly ready to adjust drugs.
Clinical symptoms and syndromes
Manifestations of degenerative differences in the lower back area are manifested by the pain of various intensities and duration.In addition, a person feels fatigue, which increases by the end of the day, he sleeps badly and becomes irritable.At first, the symptoms pass or are reduced after a night rest or remain in a horizontal position, but painful sensations are observed in the morning.For this reason, the patient is forced to reduce his physical activity.
The problems of the lumbar region lead to irritation and inflammation of nerve endings, including the innervating organs of the basin.Consequently, with an advanced pathology, the utility is altered, the problems in the work of the internal genitals are noted.In men, helplessness is developing in this context.
The irradiation of pain and altered sensitivity concerns the lower limbs.The patient notes a burning sensation and "crawling in goosebumps", the skin of the legs becomes pale, dry and peels off.
Osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine manifests itself by several syndromes, the degree of manifestation of which varies in various patients.
Koreshka
The pain in this case occurs following the lesion of the roots, it is acute, located in the damage area and goes to the lower leg area, buttocks, hips and feet.To reduce unpleasant sensations, a person changes the usual approach and leans towards the opposite side of counterfeiting.The pain is accompanied by perspiration, which is replaced by chills, intensifies when you try to move suddenly after a state of rest.
Due to a decrease in muscle tone and their progressive atrophy, it becomes impossible to do ordinary work.At an advanced stage, the member's paralysis is developing, a violation of the work of the internal organs in the basin.
Ischemic
Osteochondrosis is accompanied by damage not only with nerve endings in the lumbar region, but also with blood vessels.Their compression leads to spasms, which becomes constant as it worsens.Clinically, this phenomenon is manifested in the form of intermittent chrome.
The lack of nutrients and oxygen occurs in the organs of the basin.This further exacerbates the problems of urination, defecation and power.
Pain
The appearance of pain is the first sign of osteochondrosis.Its intensity depends on the degree of damage.At first, the pain is short, disappearing after rest, but from the start of the disease to be long and painful.The worsening of pathology leads to the appearance of net fires with radiation in the leg, groin, buttocks.
At a late stage, suffering is caused not only by physical efforts, but even by cough or sneeze.In the lumbar region, muscle hardening is palpated, which are in a constant spastic state.
Vertebrate
With constant pain, innervation and blood intake, significant deformation occurs.The rot is noticeable not only in the field of the pathological process, the architects of the spine are disturbed.The muscular tone decreases, the pelvis and pelvic bias occur.The approach changes, becomes uncertain.Little by little, a restructuring of the entire musculoskeletal system occurs.
Complications of osteochondrosis
If you do not treat disease in the early stages, complications are gradually developing, many of which considerably reduce quality of life and even reduce its term.A neglected dystrophic process leads to the following violations:
- muscle weakness, atrophy and asthenia;
- violation of urination and defecation (incontinence);
- the development of a severe deformation of the spine in men in hard physical work and in women during pregnancy;
- violation of power in men;
- decrease blood flow and ischemia development;
- projection and hernia of the intervertebral disc;
- spondylarthrosis (enriched processes growth);
- foot paresis;
- spondylosis.
An important point when considering the lumbar osteochondrosis clinic is the presence of thoughtful pain.The injection of nervous beams leads to irritation of the internal organs (visceral), causing pain and a function of function in them.This explains the development of demonstrations such as the difficulty of breathing, the arrhythmias, the intestines that accompany the pathology of the spine.
Treatment methods
For the treatment of lumbar column osteochondrosis, various methods are used.
Medicine
Medicines for the treatment of the disease are NSAIDs.They allow you to eliminate the inflammation process simultaneously and reduce pain syndrome.Simultaneously with internal drug drugs, local therapy with ointments and gels with anti-inflammatory effects is recommended.Most often, sodium diclofenac is used, ibuprofen in tablets or capsules.Sometimes, with intolerance to anti-inflammatory drugs, pain relievers are used.
With intense pain, local blockages with novocaine or lidocaine are held.In some cases, with inflammation pronounced simultaneously during paravertebral blocking, glucocorticoids are used with novocaine.This allows you to influence the related conductivity and normalize the reflex activity of the above-enough parts of the nervous system.
A good result in muscle spasms is shown by central muscle relaxants, a typical representative of this class is Midokalm.These drugs are combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, improving the effect of anesthesia and the restoration of movement in their entirety.
Additional treatment with drugs includes sedatives and drugs to normalize the work of the nervous system.For this, it is sometimes recommended to take antidepressants, antipsychotics or tranquilizers.
Vitamin complexes that include group B, vitamin D and calcium help improve nerve conductivity and metabolic processes.To restore the cartilage structure, prolonged use of chondroprotectors is used.
Physiotherapy
Modern physiotherapy techniques are an integral part of the successful treatment of osteochondrosis of the lumbar column.These include:
- The use of currents of various frequencies and intensities.As a rule, a power effect is used with a force up to 100 mA, amplipulse (modulated currents), darsonvalization, electrophoresis with analgesic substance and proteolytic enzymes.Methods can improve blood circulation in the damage area, restore metabolic processes, increase blood flow and deliver the drug directly to the point of application.
- Use of laser.Its exposure reduces the activity of inflammation and pain, and when it is directed towards parapur points, it allows you to restore the structure of intervertebral discs.
- UFO.With ultraviolet irradiation help, warming is carried out, vitamin D production and optimization of calcium metabolism.
- Magnetotherapy.It consists in using an induction magnet to restore regenerative processes in cellular structures.
- Balneotherapy.It provides for the use of healing water and mud.To this end, the patient is recommended to take common and local baths, to make applications and compresses.
Physiotherapy and massage
An important link in treatment is physical education.Its implementation is compulsory, but the selection of movements must be made by a specialist.The courses allow you to restore muscle tone, strengthen their fibers, widen the volume of movements in the spine.In order to obtain a positive result, certain rules must be observed:
- You cannot perform exercises if they cause pain or excessive stress;You should start to train under the control of an exercise therapy instructor;
- Physical education must be carried out regularly, it is only in this condition that the formation of a muscular corset will occur;
- Do not make strongly and too fast movements, generally an average or slow rhythm is recommended;
- Gymnastics is not carried out with the exacerbation of any disease;
- In case of deterioration, you must immediately stop the exercise and consult a specialist.
It is best to select exercises that are done in a position to lie and stand on all fours.It is useful to stretch the spine, download the press and back.For such a patient, a good method of rehabilitation after an exacerbation of osteochondosis will be a visit to the swimming pool.
Massage is also an effective method of therapy for osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment.
An experienced specialist will help improve metabolic processes and microcirculation in the violation zone, relieve muscle tension.The use of massage in the acute period is extended, in the presence of serious irreversible deformations, open wounds, rashes or burns on the skin.
Surgery
In the absence of the results of complex conservative therapy, it remains only to use the radical treatment method.It consists in carrying out an operation on the spine in order to eliminate the compression of the nerve roots and the maximum possible restoration of the mobility of the spine or to stabilize its affected segment.
The indications for the operation are:
- Development of a sequestrated inter-back hernia;
- Severe pain, which is not stopped by using medication and blockade;
- Too complete the disc with the development of Caudal syndrome and ischemia;
- The emergence of signs of radiculomioihemia.
Most often, the patient is carried out by microdisciscectomy, when the bone tissue retains its integrity, and the rehabilitation process takes a short period of time.
There are other intervention methods:
- endoscopic nucleotomy;
- disc vaporization of the disc;
- Plasma disk nucleoplasty.
Scientists from around the world develop for the implementation of prostheses that replace intervertebral discs.This will rehabilitate the patient after surgery and reduce the probability of disability.
The use of traditional medicine
In addition to the use of drugs, folk methods are used to treat pain in the lower back of the lower back.They cannot replace the complete therapy of osteochondrosis, but allow remission to achieve remission in complex therapy:
- At home, it is convenient to use radish or horseradish as a compress.They must be chopped on a grater, add a little homemade cream and applied to the lesion.
- You can pour boiling water on a burden sheet and set to the lumbar region.Count on top with a scarf and keep an hour.
- Bodyaga powder, diluted 1:30 with vegetable oil, helps well.From the mixture, a large compress of warming is obtained, which must be kept for an hour.
- It is useful to rub the lower back with liquid honey.But this should be done properly to make a powerful blood rush towards the point of evil.
- To eliminate pain in the lumbar, the ointment is used.For manufacturing, you must take equal parts of ghee, camphor oil and chestnut powder on horseback.After an in -depth mixture, the product is coated on pieces of rye bread and applied to the painful stain.
Before using folk remedies, you need to consult a doctor.
Disease prevention
To prevent the development of lumbar osteochondosis and the renewal of remission, the prevention rules must be followed:
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Do not lift heavy objects (the maximum load authorized for a woman is 5 kg, for a man - 10 kg);
- Perform exercises daily that allow us to strengthen the muscle corset and the press;
- With prolonged sitting, take regular breaks and warm up;
- While walking always monitors your posture;
- regularly disinfect possible sources of chronic infection;
- Eat properly and prevent overweight;
- Walk at a moderate pace as long as possible;
- Visit a dance group, engage in swimming, sporting walking, avoiding sudden movements and strong jumps.
It is quite impossible to cure osteochondrosis, because the changes that occur in the spine are irreversible, but modern aid methods help restore the patient's quality of life for a long time.